Not strictly Bitcoin, but two novels worth reading for tone: Neal Stephenson's Cryptonomicon (1999, a digital gold-backed currency plot, a decade before the whitepaper) and Daniel Suarez's Daemon / Freedom™ (an autonomous program running a darknet economy).

For scenes, some real events that already have a built-in dramatic arc:

• The value overflow bug (Aug 15, 2010, block 74638): someone minted ~184 billion BTC out of thin air. A fix and a soft fork came out within hours and the chain was re-orged past it. A "night the money supply broke" chapter writes itself.
• The March 2013 chain split (v0.8 vs v0.7): a database change caused an accidental fork, and developers and big miners had to coordinate in IRC to deliberately abandon the longer chain. Great for showing that the "decentralized" system is still people making calls at 3am.
• The pizza (May 22, 2010): Laszlo's 10,000 BTC for two pizzas is the obvious one; the human angle of looking back at it later is the interesting part.
• The landfill hard drive (James Howells, Newport, Wales): a man and a council fighting for years over a dump. Pure character story.
• Mt. Gox collapse (Feb 2014): the slow dawning that the coins were gone, told from a small customer's point of view.

Good luck with the book. I'd read it.

Good question. One path that makes Bitcoin fiction playable: a fair on-chain contest (Shamir threshold over a high-entropy secret, not BIP39 crumbs). I wrote up a concrete design here: #1610419 — happy to ship the generator script for sats.