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Thank you for taking the time and share all this information, L'll take the time to learn more about all your mentions.
Geyser is probably excluded, there are already many intermediaries in the current process and adding another intermediary with a 5% fee seem unnecessary, especially for NPO at this scale. Those sats could save many children lifes. Pay with flash sound's interesting too, for a more humble 1,5% fee.
You mention BTCpay again, so I'll be prone to explore how they could implement it in their existing system and evaluate if it has some APIs.
Lighting will be used mostly internally and to send sats abroad to final destination. In this step would be interesting to connect with local communities so they can take care of educating the donation beneficiaries in loco. Custodial solution may not work, I was thinking more about a federated solution where the NPO keep the sats in case beneficiaries loose access etc.
"receive donations in bitcoin in a way that’s transparent and auditable to the public."
On-chain is trackable but you may harm senders privacy by reusing address (if they don't know how to maintain their own on-chain privacy.
Lightning is private by default but you can simply share a CSV of donations with each audit.
On Geyser Fund you also see all transactions coming in, both on-chain, LN and Fiat
"Possible off-ramp solutions to convert fiat donations to bitcoin."
Instead, pay people in bitcoin, staff bonuses etc.
You can check things like bitwage, bitrefill as well, other than that, any local exchange does, (USA River, Strike, EU Relai, 21bitcoin etc etc)
"Optionally, setup lightning solution in existing platform to send crossborder funds where needed."
You need a Lightning Wallet, either use a custodial or non-custodial wallet. It depends on your jurisdiction. I would say test Phoenix, Wallet of Satoshi, Blink and Coinos. Also Alby Hub would be interesting because it has sub wallets and more functionality.
I'm sure other people here will have even more ideas, definitely see the guides by @DarthCoin
"Set up a long-term Bitcoin “reserve” or "treasury" in cold storage, ideally multisig, with solid internal governance structure."
Nunchuck, Sparrow, Electrum, Theya come to mind. But it's a learning curve and things can go wrong, so would probably start to "outsource" that responsibility initially and go custodial first, while relentlessly training non-custodial processes with the board.
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Here are a number of resources that could help:
Accepting Bitcoin donations with Blink and Flash
https://lightning.news/how-to-accept-bitcoin-donations/
How Mi Primer Bitcoin runs "bitcoin-only"
https://lightning.news/bitcoin-only-non-profit/
For donations, I'd say check out the features here
Geyser https://geyser.fund
BTC Pay Server https://btcpayserver.org
Flash https://paywithflash.com
Other NGOs, definitely MiPimer but there are plenty of others, perhaps Human Rights Foundation could be good resource as well.
"Do you think the “strategic reserve” vs “treasury” distinction actually matters in practice for a non-profit, or is it more of a framing/communication thing?""
No who cares, you can also just call it savings or "emergency funds" - you keep cold hard sats and don't spend it until you really need or really want to. It's that simple. Of course accounting rules are a different story.
"they don’t have a full-time “Bitcoin infra” person. So here I'm, volunteering for a good cause." That's amazing!